Network Hardening Tools
Network hardening is a critical aspect of cybersecurity that involves implementing various security measures to protect network infrastructure from threats and vulnerabilities. Here's a comprehensive overview of essential network hardening tools and practices:
| Security Hardening Task | Description | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline configurations | A documented set of specifications within a system that is used as a basis for future builds, releases, and updates. | To restore a system to a previous baseline after a network outage, or unauthorized changes on a baseline. |
| Configuration checks | Updating the encryption standards for data that is stored in databases. | To see if there are any unauthorized changes to the system. |
| Disabling unused ports | Ports can be blocked on firewalls, routers, servers, and more to prevent potentially dangerous network traffic from passing through. | Before an incident occurs, to prevent malicious actors from entering the network. Also used post-incident to prevent future attacks via unused ports. |
| Encryption using the latest standards | Rules or methods used to conceal outgoing data and uncover or decrypt the incoming data. | Regularly assess and update encryption methods. Also used post-breach to ensure data security. |
| Firewall maintenance | Checking and updating security configurations regularly to stay ahead of potential threats. | Regular practice or post-incident to block abnormal traffic and defend against attacks like DDoS. |
| Hardware & software disposal | Ensures that all old hardware is properly wiped of all data and disposed of. | Prevents threats from outdated or unused tech lacking the latest security patches. |
| Multifactor authentication (MFA) | A security measure requiring two or more verification methods to access a system. | Protects against brute force and similar attacks. Usually set up once and maintained. |
| Network access privileges | Controlling who or what has access to network assets. | Reduces the risk of unauthorized access. Can be updated based on evolving threats or organizational changes. |
| Network log analysis | The process of examining network logs to identify events of interest. | Can alert teams to abnormal traffic. Useful before, during, and after an incident. Often done using SIEM tools. |
| Password policies | Emphasizes methods like salting and hashing over complex password rules. | Prevents password-guessing attacks (e.g., brute force). |
| Patch updates | Software and OS updates that fix security vulnerabilities. | Prevents exploitation of known vulnerabilities. Critical to keep systems current. |
| Penetration test (pen test) | A simulated attack to find vulnerabilities. | Helps identify and patch weaknesses before real attacks occur. |
| Port filtering | A firewall function that controls allowed or blocked port numbers. | Manages traffic and prevents unwanted communication into the network. |
| Removing/disabling unused applications and services | Reduces vulnerabilities by eliminating neglected software. | Limits entry points for attackers by reducing unnecessary software. |
| Server and data storage backups | Creates data copies stored locally or in the cloud for recovery purposes. | Restores data lost due to attacks, human error, or system failures. |
Key Takeaways
Network hardening is not a one-time task but an ongoing process that requires regular attention and updates. The most effective approach combines multiple hardening techniques:
- Proactive Measures: Baseline configurations, MFA, and regular patch updates
- Monitoring & Detection: Network log analysis and configuration checks
- Access Control: Network access privileges and password policies
- Infrastructure Protection: Firewall maintenance and port filtering
- Recovery Planning: Server backups and proper hardware disposal
Implementing these network hardening tools and practices creates multiple layers of defense, making it significantly more difficult for attackers to compromise your network infrastructure.